Tetanus Vaccination

About the Tetanus Vaccination

Tetanus is a serious bacterial disease caused by toxins produced by Clostridium tetani, an organism found in soil, dust, and animal faeces worldwide. Infection occurs when the bacteria enter the body through a wound — even a minor cut or puncture. The toxins produced attack the nervous system, causing painful muscle spasms and rigidity that can affect breathing and lead to death in up to 10% of cases, even with intensive care treatment.

Unlike many vaccine-preventable diseases, tetanus cannot be eradicated through herd immunity as the spores persist in the environment. Vaccination provides individual protection, but immunity wanes over time — making regular boosters essential, particularly before travel to regions where access to emergency medical care may be limited or delayed.

Who should have this vaccination?

• Travellers to any destination, particularly rural or remote areas where medical care may not be immediately accessible
• Adults who have not had a tetanus booster in the past ten years
• Individuals with uncertain or incomplete vaccination histories
• Those involved in gardening, farming, or activities with regular soil or animal contact
• Anyone sustaining a wound in an environment where tetanus risk is elevated

Vaccination schedule

The tetanus vaccine is administered as a combined Td/IPV injection (tetanus, diphtheria, and polio). Most adults who completed the full childhood primary course require a booster every ten years, particularly if travelling to areas with limited medical access. Five doses over a lifetime are generally considered to provide long-term protection; however, our clinical team will assess your specific immunisation history and recommend the appropriate course or booster.